FlatCAM/Common.py

# ##########################################################
# FlatCAM: 2D Post-processing for Manufacturing            #
# http://flatcam.org                                       #
# Author: Juan Pablo Caram (c)                             #
# Date: 2/5/2014                                           #
# MIT Licence                                              #
# ##########################################################

# ##########################################################
# File Modified (major mod): Marius Adrian Stanciu         #
# Date: 11/4/2019                                          #
# ##########################################################
from PyQt5 import QtCore

from shapely.geometry import Polygon, MultiPolygon, Point, LineString

from AppGUI.VisPyVisuals import ShapeCollection
from AppTool import AppTool

from copy import deepcopy

import numpy as np

import gettext
import AppTranslation as fcTranslate
import builtins

fcTranslate.apply_language('strings')
if '_' not in builtins.__dict__:
    _ = gettext.gettext


class GracefulException(Exception):
    # Graceful Exception raised when the user is requesting to cancel the current threaded task
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def __str__(self):
        return '\n\n%s' % _("The user requested a graceful exit of the current task.")


class LoudDict(dict):
    """
    A Dictionary with a callback for item changes.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.callback = lambda x: None

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        """
        Overridden __setitem__ method. Will emit 'changed(QString)' if the item was changed, with key as parameter.
        """
        if key in self and self.__getitem__(key) == value:
            return

        dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
        self.callback(key)

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if len(args) > 1:
            raise TypeError("update expected at most 1 arguments, got %d" % len(args))
        other = dict(*args, **kwargs)
        for key in other:
            self[key] = other[key]

    def set_change_callback(self, callback):
        """
        Assigns a function as callback on item change. The callback
        will receive the key of the object that was changed.

        :param callback: Function to call on item change.
        :type callback: func
        :return: None
        """

        self.callback = callback


class FCSignal:
    """
    Taken from here: https://blog.abstractfactory.io/dynamic-signals-in-pyqt/
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.__subscribers = []

    def emit(self, *args, **kwargs):
        for subs in self.__subscribers:
            subs(*args, **kwargs)

    def connect(self, func):
        self.__subscribers.append(func)

    def disconnect(self, func):
        try:
            self.__subscribers.remove(func)
        except ValueError:
            print('Warning: function %s not removed '
                  'from signal %s' % (func, self))


def color_variant(hex_color, bright_factor=1):
    """
    Takes a color in HEX format #FF00FF and produces a lighter or darker variant

    :param hex_color:           color to change
    :param bright_factor:   factor to change the color brightness [0 ... 1]
    :return:                    modified color
    """

    if len(hex_color) != 7:
        print("Color is %s, but needs to be in #FF00FF format. Returning original color." % hex_color)
        return hex_color

    if bright_factor > 1.0:
        bright_factor = 1.0
    if bright_factor < 0.0:
        bright_factor = 0.0

    rgb_hex = [hex_color[x:x + 2] for x in [1, 3, 5]]
    new_rgb = []
    for hex_value in rgb_hex:
        # adjust each color channel and turn it into a INT suitable as argument for hex()
        mod_color = round(int(hex_value, 16) * bright_factor)
        # make sure that each color channel has two digits without the 0x prefix
        mod_color_hex = str(hex(mod_color)[2:]).zfill(2)
        new_rgb.append(mod_color_hex)

    return "#" + "".join([i for i in new_rgb])


class ExclusionAreas(QtCore.QObject):

    e_shape_modified = QtCore.pyqtSignal()

    def __init__(self, app):
        super().__init__()

        self.app = app

        # Storage for shapes, storage that can be used by FlatCAm tools for utility geometry
        # VisPy visuals
        if self.app.is_legacy is False:
            try:
                self.exclusion_shapes = ShapeCollection(parent=self.app.plotcanvas.view.scene, layers=1)
            except AttributeError:
                self.exclusion_shapes = None
        else:
            from AppGUI.PlotCanvasLegacy import ShapeCollectionLegacy
            self.exclusion_shapes = ShapeCollectionLegacy(obj=self, app=self.app, name="exclusion")

        # Event signals disconnect id holders
        self.mr = None
        self.mm = None
        self.kp = None

        # variables to be used in area exclusion
        self.cursor_pos = (0, 0)
        self.first_click = False
        self.points = []
        self.poly_drawn = False

        '''
        Here we store the exclusion shapes and some other information's
        Each list element is a dictionary with the format:
        
        {
            "obj_type":   string ("excellon" or "geometry")   <- self.obj_type
            "shape":      Shapely polygon
            "strategy":   string ("over" or "around")         <- self.strategy_button
            "overz":      float                               <- self.over_z_button
        }
        '''
        self.exclusion_areas_storage = []

        self.mouse_is_dragging = False

        self.solid_geometry = []
        self.obj_type = None

        self.shape_type_button = None
        self.over_z_button = None
        self.strategy_button = None
        self.cnc_button = None

    def on_add_area_click(self, shape_button, overz_button, strategy_radio, cnc_button, solid_geo, obj_type):
        """

        :param shape_button:    a FCButton that has the value for the shape
        :param overz_button:    a FCDoubleSpinner that holds the Over Z value
        :param strategy_radio:  a RadioSet button with the strategy_button value
        :param cnc_button:      a FCButton in Object UI that when clicked the CNCJob is created
                                We have a reference here so we can change the color signifying that exclusion areas are
                                available.
        :param solid_geo:       reference to the object solid geometry for which we add exclusion areas
        :param obj_type:        Type of FlatCAM object that called this method. String: "excellon" or "geometry"
        :type obj_type:         str
        :return:                None
        """
        self.app.inform.emit('[WARNING_NOTCL] %s' % _("Click the start point of the area."))
        self.app.call_source = 'geometry'

        self.shape_type_button = shape_button

        # TODO use the self.app.defaults when made general (not in Geo object Pref UI)
        # self.shape_type_button.set_value('square')

        self.over_z_button = overz_button
        self.strategy_button = strategy_radio
        self.cnc_button = cnc_button

        self.solid_geometry = solid_geo
        self.obj_type = obj_type

        if self.app.is_legacy is False:
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_press', self.app.on_mouse_click_over_plot)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_move', self.app.on_mouse_move_over_plot)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_release', self.app.on_mouse_click_release_over_plot)
        else:
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.app.mp)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.app.mm)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.app.mr)

        self.mr = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_release', self.on_mouse_release)
        self.mm = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_move', self.on_mouse_move)
        # self.kp = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('key_press', self.on_key_press)

    # To be called after clicking on the plot.
    def on_mouse_release(self, event):
        if self.app.is_legacy is False:
            event_pos = event.pos
            # event_is_dragging = event.is_dragging
            right_button = 2
        else:
            event_pos = (event.xdata, event.ydata)
            # event_is_dragging = self.app.plotcanvas.is_dragging
            right_button = 3

        event_pos = self.app.plotcanvas.translate_coords(event_pos)
        if self.app.grid_status():
            curr_pos = self.app.geo_editor.snap(event_pos[0], event_pos[1])
        else:
            curr_pos = (event_pos[0], event_pos[1])

        x1, y1 = curr_pos[0], curr_pos[1]

        # shape_type_button = self.ui.area_shape_radio.get_value()

        # do clear area only for left mouse clicks
        if event.button == 1:
            if self.shape_type_button.get_value() == "square":
                if self.first_click is False:
                    self.first_click = True
                    self.app.inform.emit('[WARNING_NOTCL] %s' % _("Click the end point of the area."))

                    self.cursor_pos = self.app.plotcanvas.translate_coords(event_pos)
                    if self.app.grid_status():
                        self.cursor_pos = self.app.geo_editor.snap(event_pos[0], event_pos[1])
                else:
                    self.app.inform.emit(_("Zone added. Click to start adding next zone or right click to finish."))
                    self.app.delete_selection_shape()

                    x0, y0 = self.cursor_pos[0], self.cursor_pos[1]

                    pt1 = (x0, y0)
                    pt2 = (x1, y0)
                    pt3 = (x1, y1)
                    pt4 = (x0, y1)

                    new_rectangle = Polygon([pt1, pt2, pt3, pt4])

                    # {
                    #     "obj_type":   string("excellon" or "geometry") < - self.obj_type
                    #     "shape":      Shapely polygon
                    #     "strategy_button":   string("over" or "around") < - self.strategy_button
                    #     "overz":      float < - self.over_z_button
                    # }
                    new_el = {
                        "obj_type":     self.obj_type,
                        "shape":        new_rectangle,
                        "strategy":     self.strategy_button.get_value(),
                        "overz":        self.over_z_button.get_value()
                    }
                    self.exclusion_areas_storage.append(new_el)

                    if self.obj_type == 'excellon':
                        color = "#FF7400"
                        face_color = "#FF7400BF"
                    else:
                        color = "#098a8f"
                        face_color = "#FF7400BF"

                    # add a temporary shape on canvas
                    AppTool.draw_tool_selection_shape(
                        self, old_coords=(x0, y0), coords=(x1, y1),
                        color=color,
                        face_color=face_color,
                        shapes_storage=self.exclusion_shapes)

                    self.first_click = False
                    return
            else:
                self.points.append((x1, y1))

                if len(self.points) > 1:
                    self.poly_drawn = True
                    self.app.inform.emit(_("Click on next Point or click right mouse button to complete ..."))

                return ""
        elif event.button == right_button and self.mouse_is_dragging is False:

            shape_type = self.shape_type_button.get_value()

            if shape_type == "square":
                self.first_click = False
            else:
                # if we finish to add a polygon
                if self.poly_drawn is True:
                    try:
                        # try to add the point where we last clicked if it is not already in the self.points
                        last_pt = (x1, y1)
                        if last_pt != self.points[-1]:
                            self.points.append(last_pt)
                    except IndexError:
                        pass

                    # we need to add a Polygon and a Polygon can be made only from at least 3 points
                    if len(self.points) > 2:
                        AppTool.delete_moving_selection_shape(self)
                        pol = Polygon(self.points)
                        # do not add invalid polygons even if they are drawn by utility geometry
                        if pol.is_valid:
                            """
                            {
                                "obj_type":   string("excellon" or "geometry") < - self.obj_type
                                "shape":      Shapely polygon
                                "strategy":   string("over" or "around") < - self.strategy_button
                                "overz":      float < - self.over_z_button
                            }
                            """
                            new_el = {
                                "obj_type": self.obj_type,
                                "shape": pol,
                                "strategy": self.strategy_button.get_value(),
                                "overz": self.over_z_button.get_value()
                            }
                            self.exclusion_areas_storage.append(new_el)

                            if self.obj_type == 'excellon':
                                color = "#FF7400"
                                face_color = "#FF7400BF"
                            else:
                                color = "#098a8f"
                                face_color = "#FF7400BF"

                            AppTool.draw_selection_shape_polygon(
                                self, points=self.points,
                                color=color,
                                face_color=face_color,
                                shapes_storage=self.exclusion_shapes)
                            self.app.inform.emit(
                                _("Zone added. Click to start adding next zone or right click to finish."))

                    self.points = []
                    self.poly_drawn = False
                    return

            # AppTool.delete_tool_selection_shape(self, shapes_storage=self.exclusion_shapes)

            if self.app.is_legacy is False:
                self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_release', self.on_mouse_release)
                self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_move', self.on_mouse_move)
                # self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('key_press', self.on_key_press)
            else:
                self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.mr)
                self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.mm)
                # self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.kp)

            self.app.mp = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_press',
                                                                  self.app.on_mouse_click_over_plot)
            self.app.mm = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_move',
                                                                  self.app.on_mouse_move_over_plot)
            self.app.mr = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_release',
                                                                  self.app.on_mouse_click_release_over_plot)

            self.app.call_source = 'app'

            if len(self.exclusion_areas_storage) == 0:
                return

            # since the exclusion areas should apply to all objects in the app collection, this check is limited to
            # only the current object therefore it will not guarantee success
            self.app.inform.emit("%s" % _("Exclusion areas added. Checking overlap with the object geometry ..."))
            for el in self.exclusion_areas_storage:
                if el["shape"].intersects(MultiPolygon(self.solid_geometry)):
                    self.on_clear_area_click()
                    self.app.inform.emit(
                        "[ERROR_NOTCL] %s" % _("Failed. Exclusion areas intersects the object geometry ..."))
                    return

            self.app.inform.emit(
                "[success] %s" % _("Exclusion areas added."))
            self.cnc_button.setStyleSheet("""
                                    QPushButton
                                    {
                                        font-weight: bold;
                                        color: orange;
                                    }
                                    """)
            self.cnc_button.setToolTip(
                '%s %s' % (_("Generate the CNC Job object."), _("With Exclusion areas."))
            )

            self.e_shape_modified.emit()

    def area_disconnect(self):
        if self.app.is_legacy is False:
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_release', self.on_mouse_release)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect('mouse_move', self.on_mouse_move)
        else:
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.mr)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.mm)
            self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_disconnect(self.kp)

        self.app.mp = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_press',
                                                              self.app.on_mouse_click_over_plot)
        self.app.mm = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_move',
                                                              self.app.on_mouse_move_over_plot)
        self.app.mr = self.app.plotcanvas.graph_event_connect('mouse_release',
                                                              self.app.on_mouse_click_release_over_plot)
        self.points = []
        self.poly_drawn = False
        self.exclusion_areas_storage = []

        AppTool.delete_moving_selection_shape(self)
        # AppTool.delete_tool_selection_shape(self, shapes_storage=self.exclusion_shapes)

        self.app.call_source = "app"
        self.app.inform.emit("[WARNING_NOTCL] %s" % _("Cancelled. Area exclusion drawing was interrupted."))

    # called on mouse move
    def on_mouse_move(self, event):
        shape_type = self.shape_type_button.get_value()

        if self.app.is_legacy is False:
            event_pos = event.pos
            event_is_dragging = event.is_dragging
            # right_button = 2
        else:
            event_pos = (event.xdata, event.ydata)
            event_is_dragging = self.app.plotcanvas.is_dragging
            # right_button = 3

        curr_pos = self.app.plotcanvas.translate_coords(event_pos)

        # detect mouse dragging motion
        if event_is_dragging is True:
            self.mouse_is_dragging = True
        else:
            self.mouse_is_dragging = False

        # update the cursor position
        if self.app.grid_status():
            # Update cursor
            curr_pos = self.app.geo_editor.snap(curr_pos[0], curr_pos[1])

            self.app.app_cursor.set_data(np.asarray([(curr_pos[0], curr_pos[1])]),
                                         symbol='++', edge_color=self.app.cursor_color_3D,
                                         edge_width=self.app.defaults["global_cursor_width"],
                                         size=self.app.defaults["global_cursor_size"])

        # update the positions on status bar
        if self.cursor_pos is None:
            self.cursor_pos = (0, 0)

        self.app.dx = curr_pos[0] - float(self.cursor_pos[0])
        self.app.dy = curr_pos[1] - float(self.cursor_pos[1])
        self.app.ui.position_label.setText("&nbsp;<b>X</b>: %.4f&nbsp;&nbsp;   "
                                           "<b>Y</b>: %.4f&nbsp;" % (curr_pos[0], curr_pos[1]))
        # self.app.ui.rel_position_label.setText("<b>Dx</b>: %.4f&nbsp;&nbsp;  <b>Dy</b>: "
        #                                        "%.4f&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" % (self.app.dx, self.app.dy))

        units = self.app.defaults["units"].lower()
        self.app.plotcanvas.text_hud.text = \
            'Dx:\t{:<.4f} [{:s}]\nDy:\t{:<.4f} [{:s}]\n\nX:  \t{:<.4f} [{:s}]\nY:  \t{:<.4f} [{:s}]'.format(
                self.app.dx, units, self.app.dy, units, curr_pos[0], units, curr_pos[1], units)

        if self.obj_type == 'excellon':
            color = "#FF7400"
            face_color = "#FF7400BF"
        else:
            color = "#098a8f"
            face_color = "#FF7400BF"

        # draw the utility geometry
        if shape_type == "square":
            if self.first_click:
                self.app.delete_selection_shape()

                self.app.draw_moving_selection_shape(old_coords=(self.cursor_pos[0], self.cursor_pos[1]),
                                                     color=color,
                                                     face_color=face_color,
                                                     coords=(curr_pos[0], curr_pos[1]))
        else:
            AppTool.delete_moving_selection_shape(self)
            AppTool.draw_moving_selection_shape_poly(
                self, points=self.points,
                color=color,
                face_color=face_color,
                data=(curr_pos[0], curr_pos[1]))

    def on_clear_area_click(self):
        self.clear_shapes()

        # restore the default StyleSheet
        self.cnc_button.setStyleSheet("")
        # update the StyleSheet
        self.cnc_button.setStyleSheet("""
                                QPushButton
                                {
                                    font-weight: bold;
                                }
                                """)
        self.cnc_button.setToolTip('%s' % _("Generate the CNC Job object."))

    def clear_shapes(self):
        self.exclusion_areas_storage.clear()
        AppTool.delete_moving_selection_shape(self)
        self.app.delete_selection_shape()
        AppTool.delete_tool_selection_shape(self, shapes_storage=self.exclusion_shapes)
        self.app.inform.emit('[success] %s' % _("All exclusion zones deleted."))

    def delete_sel_shapes(self, idxs):
        """

        :param idxs: list of indexes in self.exclusion_areas_storage list to be deleted
        :return:
        """

        # delete all plotted shapes
        AppTool.delete_tool_selection_shape(self, shapes_storage=self.exclusion_shapes)

        # delete shapes
        for idx in sorted(idxs, reverse=True):
            del self.exclusion_areas_storage[idx]

        # re-add what's left after deletion in first step
        if self.obj_type == 'excellon':
            color = "#FF7400"
            face_color = "#FF7400BF"
        else:
            color = "#098a8f"
            face_color = "#FF7400BF"

        face_alpha = 0.3
        color_t = face_color[:-2] + str(hex(int(face_alpha * 255)))[2:]

        for geo_el in self.exclusion_areas_storage:
            if isinstance(geo_el['shape'], Polygon):
                self.exclusion_shapes.add(
                    geo_el['shape'], color=color, face_color=color_t, update=True, layer=0, tolerance=None)
        if self.app.is_legacy is True:
            self.exclusion_shapes.redraw()

        if self.exclusion_areas_storage:
            self.app.inform.emit('[success] %s' % _("Selected exclusion zones deleted."))
        else:
            # restore the default StyleSheet
            self.cnc_button.setStyleSheet("")
            # update the StyleSheet
            self.cnc_button.setStyleSheet("""
                                            QPushButton
                                            {
                                                font-weight: bold;
                                            }
                                            """)
            self.cnc_button.setToolTip('%s' % _("Generate the CNC Job object."))

            self.app.inform.emit('[success] %s' % _("All exclusion zones deleted."))

    def travel_coordinates(self, start_point, end_point, tooldia):
        """
        WIll create a path the go around the exclusion areas on the shortest path

        :param start_point:     X,Y coordinates for the start point of the travel line
        :type start_point:      tuple
        :param end_point:       X,Y coordinates for the destination point of the travel line
        :type end_point:        tuple
        :param tooldia:         THe tool diameter used and which generates the travel lines
        :type tooldia           float
        :return:                A list of x,y tuples that describe the avoiding path
        :rtype:                 list
        """

        ret_list = []

        # Travel lines: rapids. Should not pass through Exclusion areas
        travel_line = LineString([start_point, end_point])
        origin_point = Point(start_point)

        buffered_storage = []
        # add a little something to the half diameter, to make sure that we really don't enter in the exclusion zones
        buffered_distance = (tooldia / 2.0) + (0.1 if self.app.defaults['units'] == 'MM' else 0.00393701)

        for area in self.exclusion_areas_storage:
            new_area = deepcopy(area)
            new_area['shape'] = area['shape'].buffer(buffered_distance, join_style=2)
            buffered_storage.append(new_area)

        # sort the Exclusion areas from the closest to the start_point to the farthest
        tmp = []
        for area in buffered_storage:
            dist = Point(start_point).distance(area['shape'])
            tmp.append((dist, area))
        tmp.sort(key=lambda k: k[0])

        sorted_area_storage = [k[1] for k in tmp]

        # process the ordered exclusion areas list
        for area in sorted_area_storage:
            outline = area['shape'].exterior
            if travel_line.intersects(outline):
                intersection_pts = travel_line.intersection(outline)

                if isinstance(intersection_pts, Point):
                    # it's just a touch, continue
                    continue

                entry_pt = nearest_point(origin_point, intersection_pts)
                exit_pt = farthest_point(origin_point, intersection_pts)

                if area['strategy'] == 'around':
                    full_vertex_points = [Point(x) for x in list(outline.coords)]

                    # the last coordinate in outline, a LinearRing, is the closing one
                    # therefore a duplicate of the first one; discard it
                    vertex_points = full_vertex_points[:-1]

                    # dist_from_entry = [(entry_pt.distance(vt), vertex_points.index(vt)) for vt in vertex_points]
                    # closest_point_entry = nsmallest(1, dist_from_entry, key=lambda x: x[0])
                    # start_idx = closest_point_entry[0][1]
                    #
                    # dist_from_exit = [(exit_pt.distance(vt), vertex_points.index(vt)) for vt in vertex_points]
                    # closest_point_exit = nsmallest(1, dist_from_exit, key=lambda x: x[0])
                    # end_idx = closest_point_exit[0][1]

                    # pts_line_entry = None
                    # pts_line_exit = None
                    # for i in range(len(full_vertex_points)):
                    #     try:
                    #         line = LineString(
                    #             [
                    #                 (full_vertex_points[i].x, full_vertex_points[i].y),
                    #                 (full_vertex_points[i + 1].x, full_vertex_points[i + 1].y)
                    #             ]
                    #         )
                    #     except IndexError:
                    #         continue
                    #
                    #     if entry_pt.within(line) or entry_pt.equals(Point(line.coords[0])) or \
                    #             entry_pt.equals(Point(line.coords[1])):
                    #         pts_line_entry = [Point(x) for x in line.coords]
                    #
                    #     if exit_pt.within(line) or exit_pt.equals(Point(line.coords[0])) or \
                    #             exit_pt.equals(Point(line.coords[1])):
                    #         pts_line_exit = [Point(x) for x in line.coords]
                    #
                    # closest_point_entry = nearest_point(entry_pt, pts_line_entry)
                    # start_idx = vertex_points.index(closest_point_entry)
                    #
                    # closest_point_exit = nearest_point(exit_pt, pts_line_exit)
                    # end_idx = vertex_points.index(closest_point_exit)

                    # find all vertexes for which a line from start_point does not cross the Exclusion area polygon
                    # the same for end_point
                    # we don't need closest points for which the path leads to crosses of the Exclusion area

                    close_start_points = []
                    close_end_points = []
                    for i in range(len(vertex_points)):
                        try:
                            start_line = LineString(
                                [
                                    start_point,
                                    (vertex_points[i].x, vertex_points[i].y)
                                ]
                            )
                            end_line = LineString(
                                [
                                    end_point,
                                    (vertex_points[i].x, vertex_points[i].y)
                                ]
                            )
                        except IndexError:
                            continue

                        if not start_line.crosses(area['shape']):
                            close_start_points.append(vertex_points[i])
                        if not end_line.crosses(area['shape']):
                            close_end_points.append(vertex_points[i])

                    closest_point_entry = nearest_point(entry_pt, close_start_points)
                    closest_point_exit = nearest_point(exit_pt, close_end_points)

                    start_idx = vertex_points.index(closest_point_entry)
                    end_idx = vertex_points.index(closest_point_exit)

                    # calculate possible paths: one clockwise the other counterclockwise on the exterior of the
                    # exclusion area outline (Polygon.exterior)
                    vp_len = len(vertex_points)
                    if end_idx > start_idx:
                        path_1 = vertex_points[start_idx:(end_idx + 1)]
                        path_2 = [vertex_points[start_idx]]
                        idx = start_idx
                        for __ in range(vp_len):
                            idx = idx - 1 if idx > 0 else (vp_len - 1)
                            path_2.append(vertex_points[idx])
                            if idx == end_idx:
                                break
                    else:
                        path_1 = vertex_points[end_idx:(start_idx + 1)]
                        path_2 = [vertex_points[end_idx]]
                        idx = end_idx
                        for __ in range(vp_len):
                            idx = idx - 1 if idx > 0 else (vp_len - 1)
                            path_2.append(vertex_points[idx])
                            if idx == start_idx:
                                break
                        path_1.reverse()
                        path_2.reverse()

                    # choose the one with the lesser length
                    length_path_1 = 0
                    for i in range(len(path_1)):
                        try:
                            length_path_1 += path_1[i].distance(path_1[i + 1])
                        except IndexError:
                            pass

                    length_path_2 = 0
                    for i in range(len(path_2)):
                        try:
                            length_path_2 += path_2[i].distance(path_2[i + 1])
                        except IndexError:
                            pass

                    path = path_1 if length_path_1 < length_path_2 else path_2

                    # transform the list of Points into a list of Points coordinates
                    path_coords = [[None, (p.x, p.y)] for p in path]
                    ret_list += path_coords

                else:
                    path_coords = [[float(area['overz']), (entry_pt.x, entry_pt.y)], [None, (exit_pt.x, exit_pt.y)]]
                    ret_list += path_coords

                # create a new LineString to test again for possible other Exclusion zones
                last_pt_in_path = path_coords[-1][1]
                travel_line = LineString([last_pt_in_path, end_point])

        ret_list.append([None, end_point])
        return ret_list


def farthest_point(origin, points_list):
    """
    Calculate the farthest Point in a list from another Point

    :param origin:      Reference Point
    :type origin:       Point
    :param points_list: List of Points or a MultiPoint
    :type points_list:  list
    :return:            Farthest Point
    :rtype:             Point
    """
    old_dist = 0
    fartherst_pt = None

    for pt in points_list:
        dist = abs(origin.distance(pt))
        if dist >= old_dist:
            fartherst_pt = pt
            old_dist = dist

    return fartherst_pt


def nearest_point(origin, points_list):
    """
    Calculate the nearest Point in a list from another Point

    :param origin:      Reference Point
    :type origin:       Point
    :param points_list: List of Points or a MultiPoint
    :type points_list:  list
    :return:            Nearest Point
    :rtype:             Point
    """
    old_dist = np.Inf
    nearest_pt = None

    for pt in points_list:
        dist = abs(origin.distance(pt))
        if dist <= old_dist:
            nearest_pt = pt
            old_dist = dist

    return nearest_pt